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United States Income Tax Calculator (2025)

Estimate US federal income tax on single-filer taxable income in USD: take-home, effective and marginal rate. Federal bands only — no FICA, no state tax.

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Tax
$6,053
Take-home
$43,947
Effective rate
12.11%
Marginal rate
22%

Based on illustrative United States brackets for 2025. For estimation only — not tax advice.

How it works

The United States edition of the income-tax estimator. It applies a set of federal single-filer ordinary-income brackets to the annual taxable income you enter and returns four numbers: estimated tax, take-home amount, effective rate and marginal rate. This build labels the brackets for the 2025 tax year and they are illustrative — thresholds are indexed annually, and the other filing statuses (married filing jointly, married filing separately, head of household) use different thresholds entirely.

Progressive taxation slices income instead of taxing all of it at one rate: tax = the sum of (income falling in each bracket × that bracket’s rate). The schedule loaded here is 10% up to $11,600, 12% to $47,150, 22% to $100,525, 24% to $191,950, 32% to $243,725, 35% to $609,350, and 37% above that.

Worked example at $85,000 of taxable income. The first $11,600 is taxed at 10% = $1,160; the next $35,550 at 12% = $4,266; the remaining $37,850 at 22% = $8,327. Total federal tax $13,753, take-home $71,247, effective rate 16.18%, marginal rate 22%. Note that crossing into the 22% bracket did not re-tax the income below $47,150 — only the slice above it, which is why a raise never cuts your net pay under a purely progressive schedule.

What this does not include matters as much in the US as the brackets themselves. There is no FICA here: Social Security and Medicare payroll taxes are withheld separately from income tax and apply to wages. There is no state income tax either, and most states levy their own on top of federal — a handful do not, which is why two people with identical federal numbers can take home noticeably different amounts. Credits (child, education, energy), the alternative minimum tax, self-employment tax and preferential rates on long-term capital gains and qualified dividends are all outside the model.

One usage point: the engine taxes the figure you enter and applies no deduction of its own, so enter taxable income — gross wages less your standard or itemized deduction and any above-the-line adjustments — not your salary. Entering gross salary overstates the tax. Bear in mind too that what your employer withholds from each paycheck is driven by the W-4 on file and is only reconciled when you file your return, so this annual figure will not match any single pay stub. These are estimates for planning; check anything consequential against the IRS or a qualified tax professional.

Other regions: United Kingdom, Canada, Australia.

Frequently asked questions

Which filing status and year do these brackets represent?
A federal single-filer ordinary-income schedule, labeled 2025 in this build and illustrative rather than official. Married filing jointly, married filing separately and head of household have different thresholds, so the estimate will be off for those statuses.
Does it include Social Security and Medicare?
No. FICA payroll taxes are separate from federal income tax and are not modeled here, so your actual paycheck deduction is larger than the tax shown. If you are self-employed, self-employment tax replaces the employee side of FICA and is also excluded.
What about state income tax?
Not included — this is federal only. Most states charge their own income tax on top, with their own brackets and rules, while a small number do not tax wage income at all. Add your state liability separately to see real take-home pay.
Should I enter my salary or my taxable income?
Taxable income. The engine applies no standard deduction, no itemized deductions and no adjustments of its own, so entering gross salary will overstate what you owe. Subtract your deduction first, then enter the result.
If a raise pushes me into the 22% bracket, is all my income taxed at 22%?
No — only the portion above the threshold. At $85,000 of taxable income the marginal rate is 22% but the effective rate is 16.18%, because the income below $47,150 is still taxed at 10% and 12%.
Are tax credits taken into account?
No. Credits such as the child tax credit and education credits reduce tax directly and can move the number substantially, but none are modeled. The same goes for the alternative minimum tax and the lower rates on long-term capital gains and qualified dividends.
Is this tax advice?
No — it is a planning estimate produced from an illustrative bracket set. Verify anything that matters using the IRS withholding estimator or a qualified tax professional.

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